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2024 - 2025 Vaccine Updates

Date: 07/17/24

Prepare for the upcoming fall and winter seasons with this review of the vaccination recommendations for COVID-19, Influenza, Respiratory Syncytial Virus (RSV), and Human Papilloma Virus (HPV).

COVID-19

The current, updated COVID-19 vaccine more close targets the XBB lineage of the omicron virus strain. The Food and Drug Administration’s (FDA) Vaccines and Related Biological Products Advisory Committee (VRBPAC) met on June 5, 2024. They voted unanimously that vaccine formulation for the 2024-2025 season will be a monovalent JN.1 lineage to closely resemble the most current circulation virus strain.1 Pfizer, Novavax, and Moderna confirmed they will have updated vaccines available in the fall.

The recommendations below are as of June 2024 for COVID-19 vaccination.2

Updated Vaccine

StatusManufacturerVaccine Dose
UnvaccinatedModerna/Pfizer1 dose now.
Novavax1 dose now, 2nd dose 3-8 weeks after first dose
1 or more doses of monovalent vaccineModerna/Pfizer1 dose 8 weeks after previous dose
At least 1 dose of updated vaccineModerna/PfizerNo further dose
*If ≥65 years 1 dose 4 months after 1st bivalent dose

 

This table data summarizes the COVID-19 vaccinations needed to ensure your patients are up to date.

Age/StatusVaccine Dose
≥6 years old1 updated Pfizer or Moderna vaccine
6 months to age 5Pfizer:
  • 6 Months to 4 years old get 3 COVID-19 vaccine doses, including at least 1 updated COVID-19 dose.
  • 5 years old get at least 1 updated COVID-19 vaccine dose.
Moderna:
  • 2 vaccine doses, including at least 1 updated COVID-19 vaccine dose
≥65 years old2 doses of updated vaccine (Pfizer or Moderna vaccine)
Unable to receive mRNA vaccineNovavax COVID-19 vaccine doses approved for the age group
Johnson & Johnson/Janssen vaccine1 updated vaccine dose Pfizer/Moderna

 

Influenza

Patients can schedule appointments to receive their flu shot for the 2024-2025 season with their primary care provider, their local pharmacies, or health departments starting in mid-August. The committee recommended a trivalent vaccine composition (A/H1N1, A/H3N2), and B/Victoria Virus). The quadrivalent vaccine was not recommended for the upcoming season because the B/Yamagata virus has not been detected in circulation since March 2020.3

RSV

Respiratory Syncytial Virus (RSV) is a common respiratory illness affecting both children and adults. Most people recover within one to two weeks of contracting the virus. Infants and older adults are more likely to have a severe illness and be hospitalized by RSV.4 The following vaccinations are recommended for infants, adults ≥ 60 years old (≥ 50 years old for Arexvy®), and pregnant people.

A Centers of Disease Control (CDC) surveillance report found most patients hospitalized with RSV had underlying conditions such as chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) and heart failure. Seventeen percent of hospitalized patients required admission to the intensive care unit, and approximately 5% died during their hospital admission.5

RSV Medications

Drug NameFDA IndicationDoseAdverse Effects
Abrysvo6
  • ≥60 years old for prevention of lower respiratory tract disease caused by RSV.
  • Pregnant individuals at 32 through 36 weeks gestational age for the prevention of lower respiratory tract disease (LRTD) and severe LRTD caused by respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) in infants from birth through 6 months of age
IM injection x1Injection site reactions, fever, diarrhea, fatigue, headache, pain
Arexvy7≥50 years old for prevention of lower respiratory tract infection caused by RSVIM injection x1Injection site reactions, fever, fatigue, pain
Beyfortus8,9CDC/ACIP approved recommendation:
  • Neonates and infants <8 months, born during – or entering – their first RSV season.
  • For a small group of children between the ages of 8 and 19 months who are at increased risk of severe RSV disease, such as children who are severely immunocompromised, a dose is recommended in their second season
First RSV season
  • Neonates and infants <5kg: 50mg
  • Neonates and infants ≥ 5kg: 100mg
  • Second RSV season
    		Injection site reactions, rash

     

    **This information is accurate as of June 11, 2024. For additional updates, please visit the ACIP/FDA websites.

     

    References

    1. Updated COVID-19 Vaccines for Use in the United States Beginning in Fall 2024. Accessed June 11, 2024.
    2. Stay Up to Date with COVID-19 Vaccines. Accessed June 11, 2024
    3. Information for the 2024-2025 Flu season. Accessed June 11, 2024.
    4. Respiratory Syncytial Virus (RSV) Immunizations. Accessed June 12, 2024.
    5. Characteristics and Outcomes Among Adults Aged ≥60 Years Hospitalized with Laboratory-Confirmed Respiratory Syncytial Virus — RSV-NET, 12 States, July 2022–June 2023. Accessed June 12, 2024.
    6. Abrysvo. Accessed August 14, 2023.
    7. Arexvy. Accessed June 20, 2024.
    8. Beyfortus. Accessed August 12, 2023.
    9. CDC Recommends a Powerful New Tool to Protect Infants from the Leading Cause of Hospitalization. Accessed August 15, 2023.